Liquefied Petroleum Gas - An Industrial Analysis

Abstract

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a non-renewable source of energy. It is extracted from crude oil and natural gas. The main composition of LPG are hydrocarbons containing three or four carbon atoms. The normal components of LPG thus, are propane and butane. Small concentrations of other hydrocarbons may also be present. Depending on the source of the LPG and how it has been produced, components other than hydrocarbons may also be present.

LPG is a gas at atmospheric pressure and normal ambient temperatures, but it can be liquefied when moderate pressure is applied or when the temperature is sufficiently reduced. It can be easily condensed, packaged, stored and utilized, which makes it an ideal energy source for a wide range of applications.

Aruvian' s R' search brings to you an industry analysis of Liquefied Petroleum Gas - from the basics of usage and history to the development of autogas. The report covers in-depth profiles of LPG equipment manufacturers, LPG vehicle manufacturers, LPG suppliers, and countries where LPG is a major source of energy.

The report also covers the nitty-grittys of LPG vehicle fleets, regulatory factors affecting the industry, incentives promoting LPG usage, other non-automobile uses of LPG, factors affecting the transportation of LPG, a complete analysis of the LPG vehicle, and much more.

Table of Contents

A. Executive Summary

B. Introduction to LPG

• What is LPG?
• Composition of LPG - Propane & Butane
• History of LPG
• Source of LPG
• Current Usage
• Range and Refueling
• Availability, & Pricing
• Versatility of LPG
• Storage and Safety
• Emissions Benefits of LPG
• Fuel Efficiency for Fleet Service
• Is LPG Safe?

C. Looking at LPG Combustion

• Firing Practices
• Emissions
  • Criteria Pollutants
  • GHGs
• Controls for LPG Combustion

D. Transporting LPG

• Transport by Sea
• Transporting in Closed Vehicles
• Carrying Different Loads

E. Autogas

• Converting a Vehicle to LPG
• Vehicle Manufacturers
  • Toyota
  • Vialli
  • Ford
  • Fiat
  • Hyundai
  • General Motors
  • Volvo
  • Holden
  • Honda
  • Maruti
• Country Analysis
  • Turkey
  • China
  • Australia
  • The Netherlands
  • Italy
  • India
  • Poland
  • Pakistan
  • Philippines
  • Hong Kong
  • Korea
• Autogas System Types
• Autogas System Parts
  • Filler
  • Pipes, Hoses & Fittings
  • Tank/Gas Cylinder
  • Valves
  • Converter
  • Mixer
  • Vapor Phase Injectors
  • Liquid Phase Injectors
  • Electricals
• Understanding the Converter-and-Mixer System
• Performance of Autogas Vehicles
• LPG in Diesel Vehicles
• The Economics of Autogas
  • Infrastructure Costs
  • Capital Costs
  • Operating Costs
• Refueling LPG Vehicles

F. Regulations Governing LPG Vehicles

• 1992 Energy Policy Act (EPAct)
• The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA)
• Clean Fuel Fleet Program (CFFP)

G. Government Incentive Programs for LPG Vehicles

• Clean Fuel Vehicle Federal Tax Deduction
• Clean Fuels Grant Program
• Bus and Bus-Related Grants
• State and Alternative Fuel Provider Fleets Program
• Department of Energy State Energy Program
• Department of Energy Clean Cities Program
• Monetary Incentives
• State AFV Purchase Incentives
• Non-Fiscal Incentives

H. LPG Equipment Manufacturers

• CleanFuelsUSA
• Cummins Westport
• Heart International
• BAF Technologies
• Ebus Inc
• Baytech Corporation
• Advanced Fuel Technologies
• Technocarb Equipment
• Eco Fuel Systems
• Parnell USA Inc
• Hybrid Fuel Systems
• ACME Alternate Fuel Systems

I. Other Uses of Propane

• LPG as a Cooking Fuel
• Residential Construction
  • Heating
  • Water Heating
  • Clothes Drying
  • Lighting
  • Grilling
• Manufactured Housing
  • Safety of Propane
• Agriculture
  • Thermal Agriculture
  • Crop/Food Conditioning
  • Nutrient Management
  • Power Generation
  • Chemical Replacement
  • Agricultural Incentives
• Powering Forklifts with Propane
• Environmental Benefits
• Safety
• Refueling
• Costs
• Regulatory Factors

J. LPG and Synthetic Natural Gas

K. Risks & Mitigation Associated with LPG

L. LPG Dealers

• PPL Corporation
• Energy Transfer Partners, L.P.
• AmeriGas Partners, L.P.
• Ferrellgas Partners, L.P.
• UGI Corporation
• Suburban Propane Partners, L.P.
• SemGroup, L.P.
• Macquarie Infrastructure Company Trust
• CH Energy Group, Inc.
• SEMCO Energy, Inc.

M. Appendix

N. Glossary of Terms